Modern Political Ideologies Seminar Journal Essay

Modern Political Ideologies Seminar Journal - Essay Example During the interwar period, which is considered to be a not so positive time for Conservatism in Britain, the ideology has been seen as inclined towards the defense of class privileges and of the status quo, a negative opposition to Socialism, and a interest centers commercialist approach to the rising Nazi menace in the 1030s (Fair, 1987, p. 549). The difference between conservative ideology and ideational ideologies has led to non conservatives to deny any intellectual content to conservatism which led to conservatives attacking all the other ideologies. In Huntington’s view, both parties are wrong because they have minimized its intellectual significance. He explained that the conservative ideology as an intellectual rationale of the permanent prerequisites of human existence (Huntington, 1957, p. 168). It has a high and necessary function. As a case in point, when a society is under threat, the conservatism acts as a reminder to men of the necessity of some institutions and the desirability of the existing ones. As he had said, conservative ideology is not the absence of change; rather, it is the articulate, systematic, theoretical resistance to change (Huntington, 1957, p. 168). The term conservative ideology is different from one society to the other. For one, the aristocrats are the conservatives in Prussia in the 1820s; slave-owners are the conservatives in the South in the early 1850s while the liberals are considered the conservatives in America and other parts of the world. As seen in history, American liberals have been idealist, lobbying goals of greater freedom, social equality, and more meaningful democracy. Conservatism can also be seen as shaping mechanism of events rather than merely reactionary as can be seen in Disraeli’s foreign policy wherein it focused on the necessity for Britain to act constructively as a moderating and mediating power and to maintain its interest in the whole empire (Rayner 1995, p.

Nanotechnology in Aeviation Essay Example for Free

Nanotechnology in Aeviation Essay †¢Nanotechnology in Aerospace Materials †¢Introduction Figure 1. The aerospace industry is under pressure to improve its environmental footprint, primarily by making aircraft more efficient. Image credit: Bureau of Labor Statistics. †¢There are few industries where the applications of nanotechnology are so clearly beneficial as in the aerospace industry. The primary development goals match almost exactly with the advantages offered by using various nanomaterials in the place of traditional bulk metals like steel. †¢The aerospace industry is one of the most important heavy industries in the world. Countless companies rely on the ability to ship products and people around the world with the speed that can only by achieved by air. The aircraft manufacturing market was worth xxx billion in 20xx, and the bulk of this was accounted for by military spending. †¢Along with this huge economic value, however, comes huge consumption, and one of the largest carbon footprints on the planet relative to the size of the market. For this reason, the major drivers in current aerospace RD are towards lighter construction materials and more efficient engines the overall goal being to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions associated with air travel and air freight. The significant interest in nanotechnology for the aerospace industry is justified by the potential of nanomaterials and nanoengineering to help the industry achieve this goal. †¢This article will review some of the nanomaterials which are already being applied in aerospace manufacturing, and the benefits they can provide. †¢Nanostructured Metals †¢Bulk metals with some nanoscale structure are already widely used in aircraft manufacturing. It is now well known that nanostructured metals exhibit considerably improved properties compared to their counterparts with microscale or larger grain structure. †¢This is particularly noticeable for properties which are crucial for materials used in aircraft primarily yield strength, tensile strength and corrosion resistance, coupled with low density which helps keep the total weight of the aircraft down. †¢ †¢Figure 2. Bulk nanostructured metals exhibit much better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance than their counterparts with larger crystal structures. Image credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory. †¢Polymer Nanocomposites †¢Various nanomaterials have been used as filler materials to enhance the properties of structural and non-structural polymers used in aircraft construction. The most commonly used nanomaterials include nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, nanofibres, and graphene. †¢Carbon nanotubes in particular have been shown to give excellent advantages when used as fillers in various polymers, due to their exceptional stiffness, toughness, and unique electrical properties. †¢Nanocomposites typically have superb weight-to-strength ratios, and enhanced resilience to vibration and fire, making them ideal for use in the aviation industry. The properties of the nanofillers, like the conductivity of nanotubes, for example, can create interesting opportunities for multifunctional materials. †¢The properties of polymers enhanced by nanomaterial fillers are so well-tuned to the requirements of aircraft manufacturers, that they are actually being used to replace some of the metals used in the airframes. This obviously brings along huge weight savings, and often cost savings as well. †¢Tribological and Anti-Corrosion Coatings †¢Another major trend in the materials used in aircraft is towards nanocoatings to enhance the durability of metals. In particular, magnesium alloys, which are far lighter than steel or aluminium, are prone to corrosion, due to the high chemical reactivity of magnesium. Coatings can help prevent corrosion, but the type typically used contain chromium complexes which are a highly toxic pollutant. †¢Materials used for these novel anti-corrosion nanocoatings include silicon and boron oxides, and cobalt-phosphorous nanocrystals. †¢Nanocoatings are also now being used on turbine blades and other mechanical components which have to withstand high temperatures and friction wear. Tribological coatings can drastically lower the friction coefficient and improve resistance to wear this greatly improves the efficiency of the engines. †¢Many nanostructured and nanoscale  coating materials have been suggested as possible friction modifying agents, such as carbides, nitrides, metals, and various ceramics. †¢ †¢Figure 3. The defense sector drives a lot of the innovation in many industries, and aerospace is no exception. High-performance military aircraft require exceptional materials, which will eventually find their way into commercial vehicles. Image credit: Penn State University. †¢Conclusion †¢This is just a brief overview of some of the nanomaterials being used in aerospace. The drive for lighter and more efficient air vehicles has led to the rapid adoption of nanotechnology in aerospace manufacturing. †¢The main roadblock, as with many industries looking to adopt nanotechnology, is caused by uncertainty over the environmental and health and safety implications of these materials. Whilst nanomaterials can often be less toxic than the current materials used, the effects of long-term exposure to these novel materials are still uncertain. †¢The potential of nanotechnology in the aerospace industry cannot be denied, however. Outside of airframe and component materials, nanotechnology applications have been found in lubricants, fuel, adhesives and many other areas. †¢Nanotechnology is also helping engineers to create vehicles with the necessary properties to endure the harsh conditions of space.

The History Of The Internet :: essays research papers

Term Paper: The History of the Internet The Internet began like most things in our society, that is to say that the government started it. The Internet started out as a experimental military network in the 60's. Doug Engelbart prototypes an "Online System" (NLS) which does hypertext browsing editing, email, and so on. The Internet is a worldwide broadcasting resource used for distributing information and a source for interaction between people on their computers. In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. It then expanded to other governmental agencies and then to higher education. This was called the Internetting project and the system of networks, which emerged from the research, was known as the "Internet." Al Gore is described as "an advocate of the information superhighway". He helped bring it to our national attention that he invented the Internet. It is not true that he invented the Internet but it is true that he had a small part in its development. Since the early sixties, when Al Gore was still in high school, the development of networking technology had already started. It is true that the Internet has grown and flourished tremendously during Gore's tenure, but that hardly means he caused it to happen. The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.

Physical-Based Intervention Therapies For Children with Autism Spectrum

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is not one specific disorder, but a group of disorders that have similar behavioral characteristic, such as difficulty with communication and socialization. The cause of ASD is still unknown but there are studies that indicate there may a genetic or environmental component. More specifically, ASD can cause limitations in intellectual abilities as well as difficulties with attention and motor coordination. ASD is usually identified during the first three years of life and affects boys at a higher rate than girls (Autism Society). ASD actually occurs at five times a higher rate in boys than in girls, affecting as many as 1 in 54 boys as compared to 1 in 252 girls (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Newer reports have shown that the prevalence of ASD has increased over previous years and indicates that ASD can actually affect as many as 1 in 88 individuals (Autism Speaks). There are a multitude of different types of therapies than can assist individuals whose lives are affected by ASD. This paper describes many of the challenges faced by individuals with ASD and also explores some of the physical based activities that have been shown to be effective in helping children with ASD overcome many of the obstacles they face. Motor impairments are one of a large number of concerns for children who are diagnosed with ASD. These motor impairments can be quite diverse and include impairments that affect the individual with ASD’s gross and fine motor skills and control of posture (Bhat, Landa, & Galloway, 2011). There is research reflecting that eighty-three percent of children with ASD demonstrate below average functioning on various motor-skill related tests. These motor impairments can affec... ...dquatictherapy.htm O'Connor, J., French, R., & Henderson, H. (2000). Use of Physical Activity to Improve Behavior of Children With Autism -- Two for One Benefits. Palaestra , 22-29. Prupas, A., Harvey, W. J., & Benjamen, J. (2006). Early Intervention Aquatics. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance , 46-51. Reid, G., O'Connor, J., & Lloyd, M. (2003). The Autism Spectrum Disorders: Physical Activity Instruction Part III. Palestra , 20-48. Smith, B. (2011, April). Hippotherapy: Teaching Strategies for Students with Autism. Retrieved March 23, 2012, from Bright Hub: http://www.brighthub.com/education/special/articles/19121.aspx Tomchek, S. D., & Dunn, W. (2007). Sensory Processing in Children With and Without Autism: A Comparative Studing Using the Short Sensory Profile. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy , 190-200.

Memorandum – for Hospitality

Memorandum To: Kitchen Operations Staff From: Human Resources Date: 30th February 2013 Subject: Prevention of food poisoning. This memo is intended to inform and update employees on the work practices in the kitchen that are important in the prevention of food poisoning. Employees are expected to have a clear understanding of The Food Act 2003(NSW) and Food Regulations 2004(NSW). A copy of the Act is available with your supervisor for reference. Food handlers are legally obliged to follow these requirements. Please ensure a HACCP process is followed during the production of food.Periodic checks and audits from internal and external teams are necessary to ascertain proper HACCP processes are followed. (It should be noted that HACCP process is a legal obligation for food handlers). Employees must maintain proper personal hygiene. This is inclusive of some golden rules such as good personal grooming, treating cuts and wounds and washing hands regularly. Personal health issues that pose a risk in the workplace (food borne/airborne diseases, illnesses such as influenza or infections from open cuts/wounds) should be treated as soon as possible.Food preparation procedures include proper maintenance of the food preparation areas and food service areas. Particular care must be taken to the correct hand washing technique and the usage of gloves when handling food. Safe food storage is a legal obligation. Goods should be stored according to the manufacturer’s instruction, temperature controlled , properly packed and labelled, checked for expiration, follow stock rotation, avoid storing chemicals in old containers and store substances in separate well-lit and ventilated storerooms.Ensure that the bins are sanitised and emptied regularly. Be sure to categorise the waste storage area so that waste and recyclable items are separated. Objects and areas such as work benches , utensils , dinnerware and glassware should be cleaned and sanitised thoroughly to prevent contam ination. Regular checks to be done on temperature controlled equipment. Maintaining temperature is an important aspect of food preservation.Any malfunction of these equipment should be immediately reported and rectified. All of the above if not followed can cause food contamination which could possibly lead to Food poisoning which broadly falls under Chemical (caused by the presence of chemicals – such as cleaning agents ), Biological (harmful bacteria that is formed on food due to food spoilage from incorrect preservation of food) or Physical ( caused by glass fragments or metal shavings from incorrect preparation process) food poisoning.Signed, General Manager Human Resources Riya Jude __________________________________________________________________________________ All employees must read this memo and sign the declaration below: I read and understood the work practices in the kitchen that are important in the prevention of food poisoning. Name:| Signature:| Date:| | | | | | | | | |

Kantian Philosophy Of Morality Essays - Kantianism, Free Essays

Kantian Philosophy Of Morality Essays - Kantianism, Free Essays Kantian Philosophy of Morality Kantian philosophy outlines the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative as a method for determining morality of actions. This formula is a two part test. First, one creates a maxim and considers whether the maxim could be a universal law for all rational beings. Second, one determines whether rational beings would will it to be a universal law. Once it is clear that the maxim passes both prongs of the test, there are no exceptions. As a paramedic faced with a distraught widow who asks whether her late husband suffered in his accidental death, you must decide which maxim to create and based on the test which action to perform. The maxim "when answering a widow's inquiry as to the nature and duration of her late husbands death, one should always tell the truth regarding the nature of her late husband's death" (M1) passes both parts of the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative. Consequently, according to Kant, M1 is a moral action. The initial stage of the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative requires that a maxim be universally applicable to all rational beings. M1 succeeds in passing the first stage. We can easily imagine a world in which paramedics always answer widows truthfully when queried. Therefore, this maxim is logical and everyone can abide by it without causing a logical impossibility. The next logical step is to apply the second stage of the test. The second requirement is that a rational being would will this maxim to become a universal law. In testing this part, you must decide whether in every case, a rational being would believe that the morally correct action is to tell the truth. First, it is clear that the widow expects to know the truth. A lie would only serve to spare her feelings if she believed it to be the truth. Therefore, even people who would consider lying to her, must concede that the correct and expected action is to tell the truth. By asking she has already decided, good or bad, that she must know the truth. What if telling the truth brings the widow to the point where she commits suicide, however? Is telling her the truth then a moral action although its consequence is this terrible response? If telling the widow the truth drives her to commit suicide, it seems like no rational being would will the maxim to become a universal law. The suicide is, however, a consequence of your initial action. The suicide has no bearing, at least for the Categorical Imperative, on whether telling the truth is moral or not. Likewise it is impossible to judge whether upon hearing the news, the widow would commit suicide. Granted it is a possibility, but there are a multitude of alternative choices that she could make and it is impossible to predict each one. To decide whether rational being would will a maxim to become a law, the maxim itself must be examined rationally and not its consequences. Accordingly, the maxim passes the second test. Conversely, some people might argue that in telling the widow a lie, you spare her years of torment and suffering. These supporters of "white lies" feel the maxim should read, "When facing a distraught widow, you should lie in regards to the death of her late husband in order to spare her feelings." Applying the first part of the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative, it appears that this maxim is a moral act. Certainly, a universal law that prevents the feelings of people who are already in pain from being hurt further seems like an excellent universal law. Unfortunately for this line of objection, the only reason a lie works is because the person being lied to believes it to be the truth. In a situation where every widow is lied to in order to spare her feelings, then they never get the truth. This leads to a logical contradiction because no one will believe a lie if they know it a lie and the maxim fails. Perhaps the die-hard liar can regroup and test a narrower maxim. If it is narrow enough so that it

Bush a bad leader essays

Bush a bad leader essays One time while at a nightclub I ended up going home with a girl it just so happens that I ended up drinking too much and snorting way too much yayo. So were at my house and the clothes are coming off and it just so happens that I couldn't get an errection due to all the yayo I had snorted. Just like how this was embarrassing to me and it was just the girl and I. If it was that embarrassing for me, imagine how embarrassing it would be for somebody in public life. Our president was a cocaine addict and the world knows about it so how can our president be a good leader if he was and probably still is a cocaine addict. One reason why Bush isn't a good leader is because of his decision-making. He decided to send our troops into one of the most hostile cities in Iraq. So far about one thousand and sixty five U.S soldiers have been killed in Iraq, former NFL superstar Pat Tillman was killed in Iraq. Thousands more have been injured in this war and several have been beheaded, and it just so happens most of the men that have been beheaded have been Americans. With all of these killings happening bush still hasn't brought our troops back home. We have already done what we needed to do in Iraq and he insists on staying there in Iraq. Bush has also made dumb decisions by helping out the wealthy people more than the middle class and lower class. This past yr. he gave the healthy class of people 89 billion dollars to a class that is only one percent of America. President Bush is also trying to privatize social security, which will not be good on the middle class of America. He is not trying to fix it at al l he's not even trying to raise the age for social security. Not only is Bush a bad decision maker he is also against homosexuals getting married. Now why wouldn't you let a gay couple get married when it's their decision on which they want to marry. If the U.S is a free country then why can't a gay c ...

Health and social care Essays

Health and social care Essays Health and social care Essay Health and social care Essay In this essay we will be measuring a journal article from a subject in Health and Social attention. The journal article is Evidence of resiliency in households of kids with autism from the Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. I will be looking at the methods used in acquiring information ; ethical considerations of the piece of research and the value of the research to the Health an Social attention field. This article used many different methodological analysiss in order to roll up information. It is set out in phases and the first phase involved roll uping informations from 175 male parents, female parents ( including individual parents ) , and other biological health professionals of autistic kids. They used choice standards for the participants which involves the diagnosing of the child’s autism on the autistic spectrum and the age of the kid which says that they must be between 2 and 18 old ages of age. These criteria’s are utile because they help guarantee that they get a assortment of statistics from different households in order to acquire a valid decision about the resiliency in households. The age standards can give a broad scope of information and valid informations about how autism affects households when the kids are different ages. These criteria’s besides better the dependability of the research ; by guaranting that there is a bound on age it there i sn’t information about anyone older who perchance could entree grownup services. Besides by doing certain of the child’s diagnosing it would turn out to be more dependable informations because all of the kids are on the autistic spectrum. The sample of households was taken from the Autism Society of Illinois’s members, parents of kids enrolled on the Chicago Public School’s Autistic Programs, and parents of kids with autism in one Private Therapeutic Day School. The dependability of the research can be questioned in context to a world-wide position of resiliency in autistic households. This is because the consequences have been taken from one province in America, which is Illinois, and the installations that households with autistic kids have entree excessively are vary throughout America and the universe. The research is valid because inside informations have been taken about all services received by the kids, but it’s undependable because it does n’t state what kids receive what services. More item should be taken in happening out the installations accessed compared to the badness of the status and besides the income of the household to guarantee that similar services can be used by households with less money. This is a really effectual manner of roll uping consequences because it shows that these parents are actively involved in their children’s life and will be more inclined to take part in the research. The cogency of this research can be questioned because, as it shows in table 1, 63 per centum of the samples are white compared to merely 16 per centum of the sample who are African American therefore we don’t acquire the full image about households of other ethnicities. Besides because 61 per centum of the sample have an one-year income of more than $ 60,000, whilst 23 per centum earn between $ 0 and $ 40,000. The mean US family income in 2004 was $ 44,389 ( US Census Bureau, 2005 ) US Census Bureau ( 2005 ) Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf. This could impact the dependability of the consequences because there is an over representation of the upper category, which in footings of entree to installations for the autistic kid could do life easier and demo greater resiliency in the household. To better the dependability of the consequences, more research would hold to be done into the households with lower income i.e. the 1s who earn $ 0- $ 40,000 yearly. The mean income of participants was $ 80,000 per twelvemonth, which is well higher than the mean household income. 80 per centum of the kids in this survey were male, but this is improbable to hold affected the consequences because male childs are 3-4 times more likely to develop Autistic Spectrum Disorder than misss ( NHS, 2009 ) so it is possible that most of the autistic kids are boys. The NHS ( 2009 ) says that Auti stic Spectrum Disorder varies in badness from kid to child. NHS ( 2009 ) Autistic Spectrum Disorder, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism-aspergers/ . 53 per centum of the kids in the survey had moderate to severe autism, which is a just per centum in order to accomplish dependable consequences because it can demo whether or non the badness of the status effects resiliency in the household, as holding a terrible autistic status can hold a big consequence on things like communicating. Even when autistic kids can get by academically, due to jobs socializing they are likely to be victims of intimidation, ( BBC Health, 2009 ) BBC Health ( 2009 ) Autism and Asperger Syndrome, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/autism1.shtml # causes_and_risk_factors. Factors like the child’s school experiences can impact the manner they behave at place, which in bend can put more emphasis on the household and show less resiliency amongst them. The bulk of the kids in the survey demo some sort of aggressive behavior ; merely 33 per centum have none at all. Out of the consequences merely 8 per centum have frequent aggressive behavior. The steps used for the research were qualitative and gathered in depth information from the households utilizing a signifier with three inquiries, dwelling of inquiries about how autism affects the household, a description of the positive and negative effects of autism on their personal life, and a description of the kid. This is an effectual manner of achieving information on this topic because it requires a batch of item in order to acquire adequate cognition to come to a valid decision. That is why inside informations about household net incomes, instruction and position are of import because they can hold a great consequence on the family’s functionality, and the resiliency that consequences from this. In the same manner that the households description of the kid is of import to unders tand the fortunes that they have to cover with to be resilient. The first inquiry about how autism affects the household is valid as it can happen out how the households themselves see the effects of autism. The dependability of the replies can be questioned because of different household fortunes, and the manner that a household affected by autism, sees how a normal household should map. Besides because the replies are qualitative the parents may hold answered in different ways, so it is left to the analyzers to state whether or non they are relevant and to categorize them. The 2nd inquiry contains similar jobs with dependability because it could be that different people had different personal lives before they had an autistic kid, therefore the consequence of autism on their personal life has been different. This could be down to the sum of excess attending it takes to care for an autistic kid, sometimes their behaviors can be hard to cover with every bit sometimes they learn what behaviours assist them to acquire what they want ( National Autistic Society, 2010 ) , National Autistic Society ( 2010 ) How can I assist a kid with autism at my school? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp? d=1010 A ; a=10143. or the installations that they have entree excessively in order to derive some type of reprieve. There is besides some dependability because the parents and carers would hold no ground to give deceptive replies and the bulk of the replies should be easy interpreted and analysed to come aid with the decision. 2b.Austerity refers to those actions taken by people who are living on a low income: meal cuts, parents going hungry to feed their children, and resorting to food banks as a last resort. People living below the poverty line depend on food banks because they cannot afford to feed themselves and their families. However, some individuals are too ashamed to seek the assistance of food banks and, therefore, they opt to cut the size of their meals for their budget to fit (Milligan, 2014). Just like the government cuts back on spending and increases tax rates during adverse economic conditions, people living below the poverty line need to compromise some of their basic needs. 2c.The Trussell Trust has blamed the governments welfare changes for influencing the rising number of food bank users in the UK. Thus, the government should look into the matter and determine the real cause of hunger. In addition, the Trussell Trust pointed out that the delay in benefits payment is also a contributing factor to the growing number of people using food banks (Milligan, 2014). At the same time, it also identified benefit sanctions as yet another primary cause for food insecurity in the UK (Milligan, 2014). The clergy, on the other hand, maintains that food insecurity should be made a moral issue to help families, which are suffering in silence due to shame. 3.The current social security system is failing because it has been unable to help people out of poverty and, instead, it has driven more into destitution (Cooper, Purcell, and Jackson, 2014). As a result, a majority of individuals living below the poverty line rely solely on food banks to feed themselves and their families. The food banks should not be viewed as alternatives to the failing system, but temporary solutions (Cooper, Purcell, and Jackson, 2014). Moreover, in the 21st century, a country ranked among the top ten richest in the world should not be experiencing food insecurity; thus, it a surprise that developed countries, such as the U.S. and Canada are also enduring it due to a failing social security system, low income, and unemployment. More specifically, all these factors are indicators of a flawed system that needs reforms. 4.The author of ;What the welfare cuts mean for us: The feeling of dread never goes away; is right about the welfare reforms targeting people who genuinely need help. Most of the victims are not to blame for their financial woes, especially after the author has described the situation in the case studies. The persons used in them can be viewed as victims to a failing system that has no regard for the negative implications of the welfare reforms (Gentleman, 2013). The author has proven that the system is not fair to everyone especially the disabled, who are disadvantaged the most. Task 3 Section One According to a 2005-6 statistics, there are many children in residential child care, and they are spread across the UK: Scotland (14,060), Northern Ireland (2,436), England (60,300), and Wales 4,784) (Social Care Institute for Excellence, n.d.). Even though the number of children under child care varies from country to country, approximately fifteen percent of those in the UK are under the residential child care program. Food insecurity and economic instability are directly proportional. Ideally, the hunger-stricken children suffer from poor nutrient consumption and inadequate nutrition. In the wealthy society in the UK, good food is discarded on a daily basis, while in the poor one; people go to sleep with empty stomachs. The community in the United Kingdom is, therefore, distinctively different. The government needs to chip in and identify these structural inequalities within the UK society. It should regulate household income to facilitate the availability of food for the poor. Section Two Some key legislations and rights are dedicated to protecting the welfare of children living in a children;s home. The Children Act 1989 advocates for the prioritization of a child;s needs and also acknowledges the vital importance of taking care of them (Bradshaw, 2011). Moreover, the legislation addresses the expectations and requirements when taking care of children; thus, it ensures that all their basic needs are provided. The Children Act 2004 is a reinforcement to the 1989 Act, whereby a team of qualified professionals is appointed and expected to work collaboratively in promoting the welfare of children (Bradshaw, 2011). The legislation also protects them from physical harm by their guardians and also safeguards them from physical punishment by limiting the use of reasonable punishment as a defense for causing any bodily harm to a child.;; Section Three ; Children are too young to dream of a realistic future that they would want; it is impractical to let them decide their future. ; Children are young and innocent, which makes them vulnerable, they are not responsible enough to make decisions that affect their lives since they are not experienced to understand complex matters, such as taxes and government policies as well as welfare reforms. ; Children;s needs are important because they affect their well-being and overall life. Reflection Lessons Learnt This module has brought to my attention critical global issues that are adversely affecting the developed nations. A significant number of people in developing countries might be surprised to discover that hundreds of thousands of individuals are living below the poverty line and most of them depend on food banks to sustain themselves. According to some of the sources cited in the previous tasks, the government seems not to take the food insecurity issue seriously. As a result, most people who deserve help end up being victims of the government;s budget cuts. The reforms have, therefore, not taken into account some of the implications of reducing or temporarily suspending benefits of people, who are already struggling to make ends meet. Furthermore, I have noticed that most of the individuals who depend on food banks do not have high academic standards, which might also lead one to question the efficiency and affordability of the education system. As the cost of living escalates each year, most residents are being driven into desperation, and so they have to rely on food banks, which is quite embarrassing to some of the victims. In addition, the magnitude of food insecurity is yet to be determined since many families opt to suffer behind closed doors to avoid shame and social stigma that they may face from friends, relatives, or neighbors. Overall, the system is not doing enough to ensure that people get fair and equal treatment. Furthermore, some of the case studies provided by The Guardian are clear indications that the system is flawed and needs to employ effective reforms. What I Have Learnt and How It Has Helped Me I have learned that some of the government policies and reforms are not as effective as they should be, leaving many families to bow their heads in humiliation and accept donations. Understanding the severity of the situation has helped me realize how food banks are slowing down welfare reforms. The government might as well be reluctant to solve the food insecurity issue as food banks are seen as an alternative and not a temporary solution.; Before and After the Course At the beginning of this course, I was aware of the food insecurity situation in the UK, but I was not informed on how far the situation has affected thousands of families. As compared to the beginning, I feel more informed and aware of some of the contemporary issues that are silently killing people in the society. More importantly, I have gained more insight regarding my future research on issues, such as food insecurity and poverty. References Bradshaw, J., 2011. The well-being of children in the UK. Bristol: Policy Press. Butler, P., 2014. Government dismisses study linking use of food banks to benefit cuts. [Online] (updated 19 Nov. 2014) Available at: ;https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/nov/19/cuts-benefit-changes-driving-up-use-food-banks-study; [Accessed: 29 December 2016]. Cooper, N., Purcell, S. ; Jackson, R., 2014. Below the breadline: the relentless rise of food poverty in Britain. London: Church Action on Poverty. Gentleman, A., 2013. What the welfare cuts mean for us: the feeling of dread never goes away. [Online] (updated 16 Dec. 2013) Available at: ;https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/dec/16/welfare-cuts-government-coalition-benefits; [Accessed: 29 December 2016]. Milligan, B., 2014. Food banks see ;shocking; rise in number of users. [Online] (updated 16 Apr. 2014) Available at: bbc.com/news/business-27032642 [Accessed: 29 December 2016]. Social Care Institute for Excellence, n.d. An introduction to residential child care. [Online] Available at: ;scie.org.uk/assets/elearning/residentialchildcare/rcc01/resource/textonly/00113350_answer.html; [Accessed: 29 December 2016].

Organisation, Competition and enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organisation, Competition and enviroment - Essay Example The public provided services and the government policies have its own implications on the market and the organizations. It is imperative to have a holistic understanding of the economic system in order to have clarity of the production and consumption of products and services in an organization. It also helps in comprehending the various reasons that leads to competition between organizations. An economic system is a process that decides economic policies and economic activity of a society. The production, distribution and consumption of products and services largely depend on it. There are three main features of an economic system. They are capitalism, free trade and free capital transfer and national economic policy. [Holte, n. d]. Capitalism refers to the production of goods by the privately owned firms and selling those products in competition with the other private organizations selling the same products. The policy which allow investment, production, distribution and consumption of products and services in a country by other countries and vice-versa is called free trade and free capital transfer. In this case, there is larger market for products and services since the customers are world-wide. ... [Comparative economic system, n. d]. In a traditional economic system, the methodology practiced for the production and distribution of the products and services by the people is the same as followed by their ancestors. The occupation of present generation remains the same as their parents and grandparents. For instance, many of the communities whose main occupation was agriculture still practice the same to make a living. Economic systems were the individuals decide their occupation and their role as a buyer and seller is called market economic system. In this type of e system, individuals are responsible for purchasing or selling goods and services. A command economic system is the one were the organizations exist and function based on the decision of the government. This kind of economic system allows the government to make decisions about the production of goods and services. It is solely the responsibility of the government to sell goods and services. [Comparative economic syste m, n. d]. The discretion of the implementation of various types of economic system largely depends on the state. However, different people have different views about the role of a state in deciding its economic system. Metzger [2004] states that "I am not the sort who believes the State is a necessary institution at all. However, many libertarians do think that a minimal State is useful." According to Kovcs and Kemny [1999] since state has the authority in deciding its economic system, they should revise the economic policy in accordance to the requirement of the given economic environment. Kotz [2004] reports that in a democratic socialist country the strategies implemented by the state can only lead to its development. There are states were the government is the single

Impacts of Organizational Cultures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impacts of Organizational Cultures - Assignment Example The cultures can be detrimental or beneficial to the organization as discussed in this essay. For the positive influences, organizational culture improves the morale of employees. Employees with a better understanding of their organization’s culture have a good grasp of their goals. They tend to cooperate with the needs of the customers, fellow customers, and managers. They understand that they are part of the investment, and they do their best to demonstrate loyalty. Workers in a healthy environment show commitment, and as a result, improve the productivity of the organization (Clampitt, 2012). Organizational cultures also help form unity among employees. The members of the organization take prompts from managers as part of forming cultures. Once they agree and adopt the norms of the firm, the norms in turn form bonds between the employees and management. The unity makes the members a team and they tend to focus on the entire success of a business, but not personal gains (Clampitt, 2012). The last benefit is that the organizational culture helps retain and attract talented individuals. Companies with good organizational culture retain employees for a long period. A company such as Coca-Cola has flexible working hours, allows casual dress codes, and provides international working opportunities (Clampitt, 2012). Its employees hardly leave the company because the company’s internal environment is friendly to them. Most researchers attribute the availability of well-defined cultures in organizations as the key to retention of talented and hardworking employees (Campitt, 2012). The first negative aspect of cultures in the internal environment and employees is that they can be unavoidable. The business owner might not be aware of its existence and may be busy trying to lift it off the ground, but the cultures can facilitate its uplift. The culture ends up being an obstacle to the company’s growth.  Ã‚  

East Asia in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

East Asia in the Modern World - Essay Example Therefore, the history of China and Korea cannot be narrated without considering Japan. However, following the 1866 abduction Koreans and subsequent attack made by the Korean soldiers on the ship that killed mostly Chinese crew, the Korean government rejected the trade demands from the western because of the unfortunate experiences of China in the Opium War. Korea was also concerned that Catholicism would spread. Moreover, it stopped it trades with Japan. In the year 1881, the Chinese diplomat, Haung Zunxian wrote â€Å"A Policy for Korea† where he recommended that Korea to develop close relationship between China and Japan. Additionally, this diplomat proposed the formation of alliance among these countries with United States so that they could defend themselves from the Russian aggression (Ebrey, Walthall, and Palais 366). These developments are clear indications that in the seventeenth century, China had good relationship with Korea despite of unfortunate occurrences that might or occurred between them. Notably, on August 20, 1882 Chinese forces arrived in Seoul under the leadership of General Wu Changqing. This force seized the gun from Taewon and sent him to Tianjin, China. 0n 29th august the same year, the Korean army and its citizens attacked and killed Chinese army. In October, Korea and Japan negotiated the Chemulp’o treaty that aimed at punishing the mutiny leaders (Ebrey, Walthall, and Palais 391). Later in 1 883, the Chinese asked Koreans to initiate commercial treaties. Between 1883 1nd 1886, Korea made unequal treaties with different countries including United States (1882), England and Germany (1883), Italy and Russia (1884), and France (1886). These developments indicate that China and Korea had strong relationship in the seventeenth

Gear Ratios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Gear Ratios - Essay Example When we connect different sizes of gears, they will have to act like an axle and a wheel in order to modify the forces. Such force modification is observed clearly in the speed at which the each gear wheels turn. For instance, When a thirty teeth gear wheel is connected to a ten teeth gear wheel, it will be observed that the smaller wheel will spin faster as compared to the larger wheel in the gear system. By considering this, a machine could be slowed down or sped up through the changing of the gear sizes used, or through â€Å"changing gears.† Torque is a tendency measure of force to rotate an object about the axis (Elies and Lemarquand). A torque is known to be relevant only in regard to a given axis. In this case, torque about the motor shaft etc. In order to create a torque, the force is required to act at a certain distance from the pivot point or axis. The torque amount that is applied to a bolt or nut can determine the clamp load. The clamp load is seen to be a determi ning factor in the assembly performance. The applied torque to a fastener with compounds that are ant seize and which are reapplied to the threads will enable uniformity during the whole process but it will raise the clamp load when compared to an unlubricated bolt (Atallah and Howe,2001) In the current experiment the gear wheels were used to discover how force can be modified and transferred in the gear system which was a lifting device. In this case, to create a lifting device, several equipment were used that included battery, circuit,6 gears,2 sprockets In the experiment, a motor and great kit was used to create a lifting device. This was created from several pieces that included battery, circuit, 6 gears, and 2 sprockets. In this case the battery provided power to rotate the gears The gear and sprocket were both used to transmit power within the lifting device, or to move objects through interlocking with them. Despite a gear and a sprocket tends to be similar,

Qatar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Qatar - Research Paper Example Qatar experienced a troubled past with the country being at the centre of various territorial disputes in which neighboring countries attempted to claim Qatar as their own. Furthermore, Qatar was imposed upon and even ruled by foreign powers such as the Ottoman Empire and Britain. Qatar finally became fully independent on the 3rd of September 19712. Independence brought about a stabilizing factor in the country’s political, economical and social affairs. This allowed for Qatar to transform itself from a poor and corrupted state into an economically wealthy, politically stable and socially developing country. In the past, Qatar’s economy relied heavily on pearling and fishing; however, after the 1940s oil and gas reserves were discovered which helped develop the country’s economy. Qatar is now one of the richest states in the Gulf as it continues to provide the world with the scarce resources of oil and gas. Due to Qatar’s increasing international value, po werful nations such as Iran and the U.S.A have become interested in Qatar and now undertake extensive trade with the country. The assignment will focus on Qatar’s importance among the Gulf Cooperation Council’s [GCC] states and how Qatar’s present position impacts upon these states and the Arabian Peninsula as a whole. ... 2. EARLY HISTORY Qatar has a rich and vibrant account of ancient history, which displays the strategic importance of the area; as well as, what the land and people had to offer. Archaeological evidence suggests that Qatar has been inhabited since before the sixth millennium B.C., making it one of the fifteen states which formed the so-called cradle of humanity3. An ancient site was discovered at Shagra on the South-East of Qatar which displayed the importance of the sea to the land and its people for survival. Other findings of stone tools and pottery at Al-Khore, Bir Zekrit and Ras Abaruk reveal that Qatar was closely linked to the Al-Ubaid civilization which was dominant in the fifth and fourth millennium B.C. in the land between the Tigris and the Euphrates4. In the second and third millennium, during the Bronze Age, Qatar became a trade hub; for, it was en route from Mesopotamia to the Indus Valley settlements of India5. In the middle of the second Millennium B.c., Kassite of the Zagros Mountains obtained power over Babylon and then continued to spread its influence through the region of the gulf. Qatar and Babylon had strong ties during this time as revealed by the discovery of Kassite ceramics on a small Island on the bay of Al-Khore in the north of Doha6. During the Persian Sasanid Empire, the Arabian Gulf, in particular the ports of Qatar became a major hub for trade as it linked the East and the West. Copper, spices, sandalwood, teak, and black wood from the East were exchanged for shipments of purple dye, clothing, pearls, gold and silver; with Qatar providing the bulk of the purple dye and pearls for trade7. Up until the seventh century A.D. Qatar and the other

Gear Ratios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Gear Ratios - Essay Example When we connect different sizes of gears, they will have to act like an axle and a wheel in order to modify the forces. Such force modification is observed clearly in the speed at which the each gear wheels turn. For instance, When a thirty teeth gear wheel is connected to a ten teeth gear wheel, it will be observed that the smaller wheel will spin faster as compared to the larger wheel in the gear system. By considering this, a machine could be slowed down or sped up through the changing of the gear sizes used, or through â€Å"changing gears.† Torque is a tendency measure of force to rotate an object about the axis (Elies and Lemarquand). A torque is known to be relevant only in regard to a given axis. In this case, torque about the motor shaft etc. In order to create a torque, the force is required to act at a certain distance from the pivot point or axis. The torque amount that is applied to a bolt or nut can determine the clamp load. The clamp load is seen to be a determi ning factor in the assembly performance. The applied torque to a fastener with compounds that are ant seize and which are reapplied to the threads will enable uniformity during the whole process but it will raise the clamp load when compared to an unlubricated bolt (Atallah and Howe,2001) In the current experiment the gear wheels were used to discover how force can be modified and transferred in the gear system which was a lifting device. In this case, to create a lifting device, several equipment were used that included battery, circuit,6 gears,2 sprockets In the experiment, a motor and great kit was used to create a lifting device. This was created from several pieces that included battery, circuit, 6 gears, and 2 sprockets. In this case the battery provided power to rotate the gears The gear and sprocket were both used to transmit power within the lifting device, or to move objects through interlocking with them. Despite a gear and a sprocket tends to be similar,

Concert Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Concert Report - Essay Example If technically superior and sophisticated, but with an accessibility that allows anyone to be able to listen and appreciate it. The evening was a pleasant and exciting event for music as jazz musician created a magical atmosphere. Listening to smooth jazz is similar to listening to pop music. The ways in which they are similar includes the easiness of listening, the simplicity that appears to be present even though there is obvious technical difficulty involved, and that it creates a sense of joy even when its being sorrowful or melancholy. Stetcu defined as smooth jazz as something that is driven by a popular audience appreciation (25). This in no way diminishes its presence, but instead provides a means for the principles of jazz to be more enjoyable as the composition takes its complexity and supports it with a lighter presentation. Most of the music that was playing seemed joyful. There is a certain amount of happiness that comes through this particular style of music that may not necessarily be in other forms of jazz. One of the interesting things of note was the way in which the drummer played. Some drummers tend to be extremely active and aggressive as they beat on the skins. Even during his solos, Ramon Banda was laid-back in the way which he approached his methods of play even though this sounds did not seem restrained. His solos flowed seamlessly into the rest of music as the other instruments dropped away and then joined him. This particular style was not necessarily aggressive, but that did not mean that his beat was repressed. He was constant and vigilant in the way in which he created an underlying rhythm. The duet between Henry Franklin and Gilbert Castallanos was in inspiring. The complexity of what they were playing created an overtone of the smooth jazz line with a sophistication that ran through

How To Make Your Car Shine Essay Example for Free

How To Make Your Car Shine Essay Detailing a car is like art. You start off with a filthy car. Put some hard work and sweat into it. You, the artist, can turn it into a masterpiece! When I was a young boy, I would help my Dad detail his car every weekend. When I was fifteen, I got my driver’s permit and started detailing cars. I made a simple flyer with colored wording and flashy pictures of exotic sports cars and posted it in my neighborhood. At sixteen with my driver’s license and a car, my business took off. I have quite a bit of experience detailing cars and would like to share with you how to do it step by step. To detail a car properly, you must first start by doing a thorough cleaning of the interior, exterior, and finally by clay barring and waxing it. The first thing to do is to make sure you have a shaded area to work in, so your car won’t water spot while drying it. Having a garage is ideal. Remember to keep hydrated if it’s hot. Open all the doors and trunk. Remove any floor mats and give the carpet and upholstery a good vacuuming. While vacuuming use a skinny nozzle on the tube of the vacuum, so you can get in the hard to reach places, for instance in between the seat and center console and the under the seats and in between the seat crevasses. A lot of times when you vacuum sand is the most difficult to get out because it’s so small. There is also a lot of pebbles and dirt that get stuck in between the crevasses. It just requires diligence and patience with the vacuum to get this pesky filth out. Next wash the floor mats. If theyre rubber, use a brush and soap. Move the front seats full fore and aft to get to all the accumulated dirt and loose change. If the carpets are clean, except for a minor stain or two, use a foaming cleaner to get the stains out. Saturate the stain with cleaner, working it in with a damp sponge. Let it sit awhile and then blot it out with paper towels or a dry cotton cloth. When you remove the stains from the carpet a lot of times the cloth will turn brown or whatever the color of the stain is. That is a good indication to know if the stain is coming out. Repeat if necessary, and then go over the area with a damp sponge before final blotting. Dont over saturate the carpet and risk getting mildew. Next move onto the seats of the car. If the seats are made of cloth, just do a thorough vacuuming. If there are stains you wish to remove, I recommend using a foam carpet and upholstery cleaner. Some good brands for that product are Armor All and Meguiars. If the car seats are leather, use a leather cleaner/ conditioner. I recommend using Ice Total Interior Care. It is great for all interior surfaces including leather, vinyl, and even carpet stains. It cleans and conditions and doesn’t leave a slippery residue or smell. Apply the cleaner to a microfiber cloth or cotton cloth. But microfiber is the best. Then do circular motions on the seats. Leather seats tend to accumulate elbow grease, which makes lighter colored seats brown and gives it that greasy feeling. So it is good to be thorough and use generous amounts of leather cleaner/ conditioner. The color will be the same when it comes off on to the cloth. You may need to do a lot of rubbing and circular motions, to remove the grease/ dirt. Also it is good to fold over the cloth and use the clean side because you don’t want to rub off the dirt on the dirty side back on to the seat. Make sure you cover all the seats surfaces thoroughly to achieve maximum cleanliness. Frequently add more interior cleaner to the cloth and check the color of the cloth, as it will turn to a brown or black color depending on how dirty the seat is. It is good to fold the cloth to the other side so that you don’t wipe dirt back on to the seats from the dirty side. In worst case scenarios you may have to use more than one cloth. Also wipe down the dashboard real good because those tend to get dusty. In some instances some leather seats are really old and can be dry and cracked. I recommend using a leather conditioner and apply generously. Next move on to the windows. Use two clean microfiber cloths. I recommend using a product called Invisible Glass, because it is clean and easy to use and leaves hardly any residue. Spray the glass cleaner onto the cloth and wipe the windows thoroughly. Then use the second cloth to wipe off the excess film residue. Windows are tricky because you can’t always see film residue. You have to go back and check them and wipe again. My recommendation is work in good lighting. The last step in detailing the interior is to get q-tips. Dip them in water and get in between the air vents and all the small corners and crevasses because there will probably be dust in there. You will be surprised how black the q-tips turn if your air vents haven’t been cleaned in awhile. The next step is to clean the exterior of the car. To do this you will need a bucket, car wash soap (don’t use dishwasher soap as it will strip the car of wax), a sponge, brush and a lug nut brush. Start off by spraying down the rims. Sometimes rims have a lot of break dust that gives it a black color. This is especially common on European sports cars like BMWs, which are notorious for this. If your rims are really dirty and have a lot of brake dust, that’s hard to remove. I recommend using a tire and rim cleaner, which is a foam or spray that you put on the rims that helps to loosen the dirt. Use the sponge to clean the rims. Make sure you get the corners double-check them because rims with complex designs make it easy to miss a spot. Use the brush for the tires and lug nut brush to get in between the lug nuts. When removing brake dust using a sponge from the kitchen is the best because it’s small and easy to get into the small crevasses. Brake dust gets baked into the rims from the sun and heat. Which makes it annoyingly hard to get out. I like to use a sponge where half of it is rough, and the other half is smooth. Lightly use the rough side of the sponge and make light small circular motions on the stubborn brake dust to remove it, and that usually doest the trick. Then spray down the car and wash the car with the carwash soap and sponge. Make sure to frequently spray down the car, as you don’t want the water to dry on the car and cause water spots. Then move the car inside and dry with a good-quality chamois or a soft thick-nap terry cloth towel. Open all the doors and the trunk and use the cloth to wipe off the water inside the spaces and corners. Then you can spray tire shine on to the tires to make it look jet-black. Finally its time to clay bar and wax. This is the most tiring part of the process, but is also the most rewarding, because it makes the biggest difference in your car’s finish. Clay barring removes all the contaminants from your paint that are stuck onto the clear coat. These contaminants make your paint feel rough. These contaminants include deposits from acid rain, bird poop, dust, and tree sap. Clay barring makes the paint as smooth as glass and makes it shiny. The kit you need for doing this is called Meguiars Clay Barring Kit. First start by spraying the quick detail bottle evenly onto the paint surface. Use the bar of clay with back and forth motions until the bar starts to move freely across the paint. Frequently check the clay, as it will get dirty from picking up all the contaminants. Fold the clay over to a clean side and pinch off the real dirty pieces. When the car feels smooth, use a microfiber cloth to buff the paint. It should feel smooth as glass. Lastly use wax to protect your paint and give it the ultimate finish. I highly recommend using Turtle Wax Ice Liquid Polish because it goes on clear and doesn’t leave white dust. Use an applicator pad to apply the wax evenly on parts of the car. I like to wax half the car at a time. Then let it dry for a few minutes and then wipe it off with a microfiber cloth. Detailing a car is not an easy job and that is why many people pay someone to do it for them. The reason I detail cars is, because people pay well for car detailing services. If you follow the steps above, you will probably put in two to three hours or more and your car should be smooth and sparkling. When I return it to a customer and see the smile on their face and receive great compliments I receive great satisfaction knowing that the job was well done. Plus I am greatly rewarded with hard cash! I hope these instructions help you to achieve great car detailing!

South Africa’s Comparative Advantage: EU and SADC

South Africa’s Comparative Advantage: EU and SADC SOUTH AFRICAS POSITION IN WORLD TRADE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOUTH AFRICAS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE WITHIN THE EU AND SADC INTRODUCTION The South African economy has undergone a gradual process of trade reform in the last three decades, the ultimate aim being to improve resource allocation by shifting policy towards a more competitive, export-oriented focus, and more specifically to diversify exports into non-gold items (PETERSSON, 2005). Over the last two decades the world has seen the creation of many preferential trade areas both within and across continents. Today South Africa has signed trade agreements with many countries including China, India, USA (through AGOA) and notably free trade agreements (FTAs) with the South African Development Community (SADC) and the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA) with the EU. The main goal of this study is to analyze and draw a comparison between South Africas comparative advantage within the European Union and within the SADC FTAs and investigate the effects of these trade agreements on trade flows among the participating/ economically allied countries. This study will also analyze the credibility and relationship between South Africas policy of free trade and its own economic performance. Background to the Study South Africa signed the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA) with the European Union (EU) in 1999 and with the SADC in (2000) which were intended to remove most of the trade barriers over the next decade. The European Union has been South Africas biggest trading partner both before and after Apartheid. From 1999, the European Union was a destination of more than 40% of South Africas exports while at the same time accounting for over 70% of South Africas Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The TDCA was mainly intended to create a free-trade area between South Africa and the EU, in order to ensure that South Africa enjoyed free access to the EU market and vice versa. The Agreement provided for liberalization of 95% of the imports by the EU from South Africa within the period of ten years, and 86% of imports by South Africa from the European Union in twelve years. However vulnerable sectors both within the EU and South Africa are allowed to be protected from competition. For example, the EU is allowed to continue protecting its agricultural products against similar imports from South Africa and the agreement permits South Africa to shelter some industrial products. Thus some motor vehicle p roducts, petroleum and petroleum products, beef, sugar, chocolate, Ice cream, dairy, chemical products, certain textile and clothing products etc, are protected against similar imports from the European Union products. In 1994 Economic sanctions against South Africa had rendered the economy inefficient due to years of isolation from the global economy. The post-apartheid democratic government inherited many social and economic problems among which included: high unemployment especially amongst the black population most of whom lacked education, differing levels of poverty and income disparities and lack of competitiveness in the industrial sector. All these issues required urgent attention and an almost complete restructuring of the economy, the way it was run and the adoption of policies that would help the nation emerge from decades of apartheid and international isolation. Being a complex economy that exhibited features of developing and developed nations, South Africa met strong opposition notably from some EU member countries. Later South Africa was denied trade concessions ratified in the Lomà ©Ã‚  [i]  Convention that were intended for under developed countries. , However South Africa itself did not see relying on aid as an important strategy for its long term drive towards development (Perry, 2000). As a result South Africas government embarked on improving its competitiveness in the world economy through promoting trade by negotiating trade treaties with several countries as a tool towards sustainable growth, eradication of poverty and income inequality. South Africa and the European Union finally signed a Free Tra de Area agreement in 1999 after a long period of negotiations that were characterized by all sides trying to negotiate the best deal possible for themselves. In the end, both managed to secure barriers in areas where they feared fiercest competition. For example France and Portugal already had concerns about South Africas wine and agricultural exports that were in direct competition in the EU market even before the TDCA was in effect and were reluctant to open their markets any further. Likewise, South Africa wanted to protect some of its infant industry especially in manufacturing. Perry (2000) notes that south Africa will had to fight for each favorable term of trade in which it has a strong comparative advantage as some countries within the European Union would have preferred to shield their individual sectors from any threatening outside competitive forces. They are only likely to engage in free trade with nations from which they expect more benefits rather than helping developi ng countries integrate into the world economy. Although there is no evidence yet to support Perrys argument, such should not be swept aside without consideration. Some of the main objectives of the TDCA include supporting South Africa in its economic and social transition, as well as promoting the countrys economic integration in the world economy (ROBLES, 2008). This being the case, the EUs decision to impose barriers on South Africas wine and Agricultural exports can be seen as a sign of double standards. The South African government could have expected to receive more concessions in such sectors. . Asante 1997 noted that the European Union is even more likely to benefit than South Africa because of adjustment costs originating from a general reduction of tariffs and from protectionism in Agriculture by the EU. He further stresses that South Africa tariffs are about five to six times higher than those of the EU. By removing tariffs on imports, South Africa looses five to six times worth of revenue than the EU. Losing so much tax revenue and still be able to run the economy and compete effectively, will require South Africa to have a significant comparative advantage over the EU in the production of various commodities so that the losses in revenue are covered by gains from exports. This paper is therefore directed at identifying sectors in which South Africa experiences a higher comparative advantage over any other member of the European Union. We would therefore expect these sectors to have free access to the European markets without import duties being levied on them. Literally, attaining such trade terms would mean that South Africa has strong bargaining power in the EU because it can manipulate policies that favor its competitive exports in the free trade zone. It is argued that when countries form a Free Trade Area by removing protectionist barriers (e.g. tariffs on imports, import quotas, and subsidies on local industries), they strengthen greater trading relations among themselves. This sometimes results in increased production of goods and services as firms no longer target domestic demand but also reach the foreign market. Access to the EU and SADC markets in this case will always be determined by how diversified S. Africas and its trading partners economies are, because it makes no point for countries to engage in trade of products that they can effectively produce for themselves. Diversification ensures that a country is more likely to produce what other countries do not. If member countries trade in similar products, then there should be a higher degree of intra-industry trade for the exchange of goods and services to be successful. This calls for more research and the adoption of efficient technologies that make it possible for cou ntries to successfully differentiate those products that are more or less identical. Product differentiation means that countries can produce an identical product but with noticeable differences in terms of branding, durability and value added. One of the major reasons behind forming Free Trade Area with SADC and the EU is to enable South Africa to successfully integrate into the world economy (ROBLES, 2008). For South Africas major trading partners in the EU for example, forming a free trade area involves removing barriers to trade and making few adjustments in order to allow free movement of goods and services because they already possess the prerequisites for surviving trade competition under an open economy. However, for a developing economy like South Africa, successful integration into the EU and World market involves a very wide range of policies. For example increasing production and diversification, adopting new production technologies in order to increase value added to intermediate inputs, facilitating local agricultural production to successfully compete with subsidized European Agriculture, fighting crime and boosting local demand in order to increase investor confidence, and developing the local transport syst em. Implementation of all these policies is a gradual process that requires not only money and time but also a population that is equally skilled and well off enough to participate in production and again absorb the increased proceeds from higher production and trade. According to Mthembu (2008), countries in Sub-Saharan Africa depend on taxes on trade to generate between a quarter and a third of their national revenue. By Forming Free Trade Areas South Africa hopes to increase its share of world exports by importing low cost technology and transforming it into goods and services that can be exported at a higher value and price and through producing at a higher volume and enjoying higher economies of scale, thereby gaining more foreign exchange and employment that will accelerate the growth of the economy. However this comes at a cost of lost tax revenues. Although it is true that when a country trades more, it can increase its share of world exports and demand and gain more power on the final world prices and supply, this is not always the case. Opening up to trade does not automatically guarantee economic success (Krugman, 1996, Rodrik. 2005, Rodrik, 2008). Thirlwall (2000) points out that trade between developing and developed countries has oft en resulted into trade diversion rather than creation. Rodrik (2005), amongst others, has suggested that countries should only open up to free trade when they have a very strong local industry that can compete on the world market. It is only when nations have a strong economic base that they can start benefiting from international trade. Conversely, many other studies have concluded that international trade has been a vital force behind the economic breakthrough of different countries (Hachicha 2003, Dhawan and Biswal 1999, Ahmed et al. 2007, Tang 2010) by not only increasing local production but also by provoking growth between regions. In South Africas case, we need to examine the relationship between its external trade and growth by analyzing the causal relationship between international trade and economic performance. If it is found that it is growth that causes exports, then the South African policy should be redirected altogether from focusing on international trade to other strategies for increasing domestic economic growth Conclusion At this stage, the most important issue for South Africa is not whether to trade or not but rather it is about how to trade and with which products. The over all gains from trade could be huge if the trade pattern with the EU and SADC provides products in which South Africa has a strong competitive advantage and free access to the respective markets. With a favorable trade environment, South Africa would with no doubt achieve sustainable growth and integration into the world economy. This study therefore will examine whether the two free trade agreements cited have had either positive or negative impact on the trading patterns for South Africa by studying the growth characteristics of trade flows between South Africa and each individual free trade area shortly before and after their inception. If we find that South Africas exports have been decreasing while imports continue to grow, then South Africa should push for more favorable trade conditions. These conditions would be slightly different if the imports are mainly composed of capital goods. Statement of the problem Trade with the European Union provides South Africa with diverse trading opportunities by allowing it free access to a very wide market composed of 25 different economies. On the other hand, given the fact that South Africa is a developing economy, gains from trade are limited by lack of competitive advantage in manufacturing, transport costs and the European Unions protection of Agriculture and intellectual property rights. From another perspective however, South Africa is in a better position to trade with SADC than it is with the European Union. This is because South Africas economy is more advanced than most SADC countries in terms of technology, capital, financial institutions and skilled labor, which ought to give South Africa more competitive advantage. So, following the classical theory of trade, should South Africa work on increasing its trade with SADC rather than with the EU because it is more likely to always import more than it exports to the European Union but export more than it imports from the SADC? 1.4. Objectives of the study To understand and determine South Africas comparative advantage in the European Union and SADC. To determine whether FTAs have indeed created trade for South Africa or led to trade diversion. To analyze the validity of South Africas liberalization of trade as the Major drive towards sustainable economic growth by analyzing the causal relationship between exports and GDP. 1.5. Research hypotheses South Africas comparative advantage in the EU is limited to Mining and Agriculture. South Africa enjoys more comparative advantage in the SADC than in the EU Exports cause economic growth for South Africa. There has been more trade creation between South Africas trade with the EU than with SADC. Research methodology This chapter presents the master plan of the study entailing procedures that will be followed so as to obtain the goals of the research. Study population, Sample size and source of data The study will be conducted on a population of two Free Trade Areas (FTAs) namely Southern Africa Development and Cooperation (SADC) and the European Union. In order to determine the comparative advantage of South Africa in the above mentioned FTAs, we shall consider a sample size of fifteen countries from the EU countries that trade with South Africa more than the others. The data from the other remaining countries will be used in calculations of aggregates where necessary. The EU has 27 member countries and representing and analyzing trade data for each member would be very tiresome and time consuming. All of SADC countries on the other hand will be included in the study. Data collection methods and Analysis The study will involve both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Documents will be reviewed in order to gather views by different researchers on a given topic and then analyze their views from our perspective. We shall also gather trade data specifically from web-based databases (for example United Nations and SADCs international trade databases) of all countries involved in this study. The obtained data will then be arranged in related patterns and logical order that would allow for regression analysis and hypothesis testing. According to Linda (2008) Data processing involves summarizing, aggregation, validation, tabulation and analysis of data in order to extract useful information. The obtained data will be processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 18 data processing software packages. Objectives, Indicators, Data source, Data collection techniques and methods of data analysis (summary) Objective Indicator Data Sources Collection technique Method of analysis To understand and determine South Africas comparative advantage in the European Union and SADC. The share of South Africas exports in the trade area as opposed to the share of exports of other partners within the reference area. W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) Balassa index of comparative advantage To determine whether FTAs have indeed created trade for South Africa or led to trade diversion Changes in Trade flows and trade volumes between South Africa and the reference area since 1994 to 2009 W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) The Gravity model To analyze the validity of South Africas trade policy by analyzing the causal relationship between exports and GDP Relationship between changes in exports and changes in GDP W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) Granger causality test Balassa index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) In order to determine the comparative advantage of South Africa in the EU and SADC we shall use the comparative export performance index commonly known as balassa index. The Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index is used to determine whether a countrys trade flows have been increasing or decreasing within a specified period of time. The index can also be used to identify products that a country is producing more effectively than the other trading partners. More still, the index identifies industries in which a country is performing poorly. This can be helpful especially when a country wants to make policies that would promote the competitiveness of those industries. Therefore, the RCA index provides very important information about a countrys general trade with the rest of the world. The index of revealed comparative advantage is stated as shown below: xij: exports of product j from country i Xi: total exports from country i xaj total exports of product j from the reference area (e.g. the world) Xa: total exports from reference area The values of the index range zero to Infinity. If the index takes on a value that is less than one implies that the country has a revealed comparative disadvantage in the product. Similarly if the index takes on a value that exceeds one, the country is said to have a revealed comparative advantage in that product. It is possible for more than one country to have comparative in the same product. In this case, a country with a higher value of the index has the strongest advantage because it can produce the product in question more effectively than the other countries. Causality test The variable of investment will be added to the equation of the growth model because of its significance in enhancing economic growth. The function of the model will be expressed as GDP = f(X,Inv) where GDP represents economic growth, X and Inv represent export and investment respectively. GDP=bo + b1X + b2Inv + E According to Studenmunds (1987) the granger causality test should not be applied to non stationary data because sometimes it may produce misleading results. Therefore before testing for causal relationship between exports and Growth, we shall test for stationarity of the underlying data series by testing for the unit root by applying the ADF test. The ADF test determines whether or not the variables follow a stationary trend. If the time series is non stationary, then we shall carry out a cointegration test to determine whether there is a long term relationship between the variables. The gravity model In order to determine whether FTAs have created or diverted trade, two models are usually applied; the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and the Gravity model of bilateral trade. The CGE is suitable for the analysis of trade among countries before the removal of trade barriers. The Gravity model on the other hand is used to analyze trade after the removal of trade barriers among countries (Cenart 2003) The gravity model originated from Newtons law of Universal Gravitation 1687 which states that the ability of one object to attract other particles is positively related to its mass and the mass of the other objects and negatively related with the distance between them. More than 270 years later, in 1962 Jan Tinbergen suggested the application of the same model to the analysis of trade flows among countries by stating that bilateral trade is positively related to GDP and negatively related to distance. The model takes the form below: Fij = ÃŽÂ ²0 MiMj/Dij Where i,j = trading partners F = Trade flows M = Economic Mass (measured in GDP and population) of a country ÃŽÂ ²0 = Constant Rewriting the above formula in a linear equation we introduce logs and the error term in order to allow for the estimation using OLS. Fij = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1(Mi + Mj) + ÃŽÂ ²2(Pi + Pj) ÃŽÂ ²3Dij + E LogFij = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1(LogMiMj) + ÃŽÂ ²2(LogPiPj) ÃŽÂ ²3LogDij + E Where D represents the distance between South African Port to the trading partners port of entry; P represents population of a given country. By introducing dummies for FTAs, the model can capture whether the trade area enhances or restricts bilateral tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. We shall analyze the change in the importance of the coefficients after every two years since 1997 up to 2009. The subscript j will be used to represent South Africas data while subscript i will represent data for other trading partners. Trade creation and trade diversion (specification of the gravity model) Different studies have used the gravity model to explain creation and diversion of trade by Free Trade Areas (citation) Scope of the study The study will be focused on South Africas trade with the European Union and SADC countries before and after their formation; that is between the periods 1995 to 2009 Significance of the study The establishment of those sectors in which South Africa has a strong advantage will help stakeholders to motivate further liberalization where they have been denied especially in the European Union and also design policies to improve efficiency in the production of those commodities in which South Africa is currently doing poorly but still has the potential to improve. Further more, the establishment of the relationship between free trade and South Africas economic performance will help to add an insight into South Africas trade policy. The findings of the study can be based upon to design policies that can do better to achieve a good economic performance. The study is also expected to provide useful inputs to researchers and others who have a keen interest in South Africas trade with the rest of the world. Organization of the study The research work will consist of five chapters and they will be arranged as follows: Chapter one will consist of the introduction, background to the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, the research hypotheses, the significance of the study, scope of the study and finally the organization of the study. The second chapter will comprise of literature review of various studies by other researchers on this subject. The third Chapter will explore methodological aspects of how data was obtained and analyzed. The fourth chapter will present research findings, provide data analysis and interpretation. The fifth chapter will give summary of the findings, a conclusion and recommendations as well as suggestions for further research in relation to the topic.

American Music at the Turn of the 20th Century Essay -- Art Music Hist

To understand whether an ‘American’ music emerged out of traditions in the turn of the 20th century, we need to focus on the term ‘American’ and what musical genres fall under that category. For one, America, in a cultural sense, is seen as one huge ‘melting pot’, an amalgamation of cultures, ethnic traditions, beliefs and styles of music. It is very difficult to label one genre under the category of American music, as a vast amount of styles, in historical terms, have come about from a mixture of styles such as Jazz and Country music. Influences from a variety of ethnic backgrounds provided the chance for the growth and commercialism of genres and made them more mainstream. With the focus being on jazz and Country, it is made clear that these genres came from an array of ethnic traditions formed from their birthplace regions. The idea of music in America being diverse can identify genres as indeed American and that indeed an American music emer ged from traditions that entered the twentieth century. Ethnically, blacks can be credited as emerging the Jazz traditions from Blues roots and other sub-genres such as ragtime, but on a regional front, despite New Orleans being the birthplace of Jazz, it wasn’t made popular and in my opinion, American, until it spread into other cities, thanks to White musicians and composers. When exploring Jazz music, it is essential to explore its roots in Blues Music. Derived from the regional traditions of the south and ethnic traditions surrounding the slaving culture of the 1800s, Blues music can be traced back to the Mississippi Delta plantations and industries that demanded heavy manual labour for Blacks (Crawford, 2001b, 557). The blues inspired jazz at the end of the nineteenth century and i... ...aditions, primarily from the south, created a musical diversity and with that, an American music. Works Cited Candelaria, L. & Kingman, D., 2007. American Music: A Panorama, Third Concise Edition, California, Clark Baxter, Thomson-Schirmer Crawford, R., 2001a. America’s Musical Life: A History, New York, W. W. Norton & Company Inc. Crawford, R., 2001b. An Introduction to America’s Music, New York, W. W. Norton & Company Inc. Ferris, J., [1990] 2006. America’s Musical Landscape, Fifth Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill Malone, B. C., [1968] 2000. Country Music USA: Revised, Texas, University of Texas Mauk, D. & Oakland, J., [1995] 2009, American Civilisation: An Introduction, Fifth Edition, New York, Routledge Taylor, F. J. 2005. â€Å"Black Music and Musicians in the Nineteenth Century† in The Western Journal of Black Studies, 29.3 (2005), 615-620

Justification of the Corn Laws Essay -- Politics History Political

Justification of the Corn Laws The Corn Law was a potentially dangerous bill introduced in 1815 after three years of good harvests. It was instigated with the support of Lord Liverpool the current Prime Minister who saw the Corn Laws as a temporary measure to create stability in the agricultural sector in the immediate post-war years. The Corn Laws were potentially disastrous because they, along with the abolishment of Income tax and the creation of the Game laws, were seen as a return by the ultra-Tory's to a single-issue, single class government. That issue being the wants and needs of the landed classes. I believe that the Corn Laws led large groups of the urbanised population to become unreasonably politicised in their demands to parliament. The catalyst for these potentially revolutionary actions being the starvation of the working classes - the Corn Laws. Lord Liverpool's justification for the Corn Laws was the appalling state of agriculture in England in the post war period. England faced a unique set of financial and economic problems bought about by the end of the war. The harvest of 1813, 14 and 15 were extremely good leading to a fall in prices by almost half. The end of trade sanctions after the end of the Napoleonic Wars flooded the British market with cheaper corn that made British Corn uncompetitive. Agriculture still exceeded manufacturing as the country's largest single economic interest. Therefore the Corn Laws were justifiable in this sense because they still supported the largest single category of labour provider. But while choosing to secure one social group Liverpool and his cabinet had provided immedia... ...for a slim chance of economic recovery in a single sector of the country's economy-agriculture. The British Government had decided to choke one group of citizens, the urban based working classes, to create a wealthier group of large land owners-ironically the largest group of MP's. In my eyes protecting no part of the economy would have been the best idea. No economic area would flourish but neither would any industry be choked. A free market mentality would be painful but would result in more efficient techniques in manufacturing and agriculture. All the Corn Laws seemed to do was underline the injustices that were allowed to happen because of the lack of universal suffrage. It also highlighted how inward looking and self centred the Ultra-Tory's were as well as highlighting urban electoral under representation.

Unemployment and America

Unemployment Rates Daniel Park March 28, 2013 America continues to have a high unemployment rate that causes many Americans to move out of homes, while South Korea has of the lowest unemployment rate. The U. S. has struggled with continuous rise of employment rates since 2008. The main focus to the issue is creating jobs. America believed that creating jobs would be able to help the economy because people would be able to get jobs. So the government tried to add as many jobs they would be able to create. The government even created bills to help people find work so that they would not be unemployed.Although an abundant amount of citizens found jobs, it was not easy to lower the unemployment rate. Many of Americans citizens are mental or disable and it is difficult for them to find a job that treats them equally. This is an issue out of many other troubles that are the reason for high unemployment in the United States. America needs to be able to help and support the creation og jobs because America has one of the highest unemployment rates. Unemployment is important in the US because people are forced to move out of homes.The Great recession has caused people to move to a lesser home instead of going to get a bigger house or for a high-paying job. Before the economy crashed, 41. 3% moved locally to own a home or settle in a better neighborhood. But during the recession; only 30. 4% moved for those reasons. The percentage of people who moved to settle in a better neighborhood or moved locally to own a home was less than half the population. But the Great Recession caused an 8. 7% difference between the people who moved for their benefit. Roderick Harrison, a demographer at Howard University in Washington D.C. said it is going to be year before African-Americans return to their pre-recession trajectory. He said this because unemployment and foreclosure rates are higher among blacks than whites. The different unemployment rates vary by ethnic group, which makes on e ethnic group to get jobs because of an abundant amount of people are trying to get work. During the 2007-09 recession, 9% of Americans (which is about 4 million) and more moved to cheaper housing or doubled up with family and friends according to an 2013 analysis. The US fails to address the unemployment issue because hile they try to cut government spending, jobs are cut too. Between 2008 and 2009, there a sharp rise of the unemployment rates, 8,924,000 to 14,265,000. The government has cut 719,000 jobs since President Barack Obama took office, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. During Obama’s office during 2008, there was a sharp rise of the unemployment rates from 5. 8% to 10. 2% during the years of 2008 to 2013. There are job losses even though the goal for the government was to create them. The unemployment rate hits 10. 2% which is the highest in 26 years and reaching double digits for the first time in 26 years.The sharp rise in unemployment caused to lose 190,000 net jobs which intensified pressure on the Obama administration to show results from the $787 billion package of spending unleashed early this year to spur the economy. South Korea is able to do a better job than America because South Korea uses a system called â€Å"chaebol† that was able to help South Korea during the global financial crisis and help people with disabilities. For people with disabilities have less minimum wage, even though America’s policy for employment said it would give â€Å"special† employment wage.South Korea on the other hand gives many benefits for people with disabilities. South Korea has a system called Chaebol (jaebol in Korean) which is a cluster of many companies around one parent company. The companies usually hold shares in each other and are often run by one family. The system was able to help South Korea during the global financial crisis and recovered faster than any other rich country. South Korea laid great store by education and hard work and South Korea meets above the standard rankings in Math and science; while America is below average.America is ranked 17 in the developed world of education. While South Korea tops the list of the top 40 education countries. South Korea does not have a high rate of birth like America which allows South Korea not to create many schools like America. South Korea spends about $1,000 dollars per student while the US spends about $5,000 per student. South Korea is considered a country where they spend a small amount of money but have high achievements with other countries such as Hong Kong. America on the other hand is a high spender but has low achievements.South Korea is able to do well because of three reasons, one is that they have a better education system, two they are hard workers, and three they use the chaebol system. South Korea believes that teachers should have great respect among their students. This is one example that America should do because a respected teacher helps ensure a good education. The US must create better education, reword the employment policy to be able to help people that have disabilities, and help lower the crime rates.America needs to put 2,220 hours of work a year because that’s how South Koreans lay great store by education and hard work. South Korea develop types of occupations suitable for their employment, expand opportunities for vocational skills development, provide employment information and take other necessary measures for the aged, the disabled, and etc. But America only gives special minimum wages for disable people; the thing is that many people who are disabled are not getting jobs. It is said that South Korea has a low crime rate, which means that many people have jobs or an education.But America has a high crime rate which means many people did not get the proper education or could not get a job. It is said that having high unemployment could increase crime motivation, and most ca ses have similar patterns such as burglary, larceny, and motor theft. South Korea has a low crime rate, and most cases are usually assault. There are rarely cases which involves burglary and theft. So America needs to give better education in order for employment rates to go high and crime rates down.South Korea does not need to worry so much in the police department because of not too many crimes that involve burglary and motor theft. South Korea can use statistics that show since they have a very good education system, committing crime is the least of their worries. On the other hand, America knows it needs to step it up to decrease the unemployment rate. In order for that to happen, America need to have better education so that it can ensure that people will have jobs or even create because they have the education they need.Change is possible but America would really need to take big leap in education but also towards to create jobs. But creating jobs might not be that helpful be cause even though America adds more jobs, it does not lower the employment rate by a high margin. In July 2012, Labor Department statistics show the US economy added 80,000 jobs, a figure below economists’ modest expectations of 90,000 jobs and the fourth in a row of underperforming employment growth. The issue is America is already falling behind employment rates compared to other countries.The unemployment rate is decreasing very slowly but it will not be enough to take the economy back on track. Education plays a big role considering how people will get jobs. South Korea has one of the top education systems which may guarantee a job in the future. America will need to increase their education system in order to improve children’s future for the better of America. From the continuing pattern of issues for American citizens, they are forced to cope with the struggles of getting a job and receive little help from the government.During the past 5 years, the unemployment rate went up which affected the citizens. When the government created more jobs, the amount of work produced were below what the economists expected. America needs to improve their education so that it may improve the chance for people to get jobs. South Korea was able to be recognized by the world because of their great education system and their low unemployment rate. America needs to realize that they need to stop with the rising unemployment and start giving the citizens the jobs in order to take America towards a greater future.References â€Å"Americans on the move start moving down, not up,† USA Today, February 20, 2013. Blank, Rebecca et al. , eds. , â€Å"Statistical Abstract of the United State: 2012†: U. S. Department of Commerce (Washington D. C. : Government printing office), 2012. Goodman, Peter S. , â€Å"Unemployment Rate Hits 10. 2%, Highest in 26 Years,† New York Times, November 6, 2009. Kamalick, Joe, â€Å"US at tipping point,† ICIS C hemical Business, July 16, 2012. Kavoussi, Bonnie, â€Å"Government Fails To tackle Unemployment, As sequestration Looms,† Huffington Post, February 1, 2013.People with Disabilities, AngloNFO, 2000-2013. Phillips, Julie, and Land, Kenneth, â€Å"The link between unemployment and crime rate fluctuations: An analysis at the county, state, and national levels,† Social Science Research, no. 41 (May 2012): http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=4&sid=b487b940-219c-4323-8f76-1b6bb64785b4%40sessionmgr4&hid=26&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=73762358( accessed March 5, 2013). What do you do when you reach the top? , SEOUL, November 12, 2011. Who is Covered, United States of Department of Labor, September, 2009. ——————————————- [ 1 ]. â€Å"Americans on the move start moving down, not up,† USA Today, February 20, 2013. [ 2 ]. â€Å"Americans on the move s tart moving down, not up,† USA Today, February 20, 2013. [ 3 ]. Blank, Rebecca et al. , eds. , â€Å"Statistical Abstract of the United State: 2012†: U. S. Department of Commerce (Washington D. C. : Government printing office), 2012. [ 4 ]. Bonnie Kavoussi, â€Å"Government Fails To Tackle Unemployment, As Sequestration Looms,† Huffington Post, February 1, 2013. [ 5 ]. Goodman, Peter S. â€Å"Unemployment Rate Hits 10. 2%, Highest in 26 Years,† New York Times, November 6, 2009. [ 6 ]. Goodman, Peter S. , â€Å"Unemployment Rate Hits 10. 2%, Highest in 26 Years,† New York Times, November 6, 2009. [ 7 ]. Who is Covered, United States of Department of Labor, September, 2009. [ 8 ]. What do you do when you reach the top? , SEOUL, November 12, 2011. [ 9 ]. Ludger Woessmann,† Why Students in some Countries Do Better,† Education matters 1, no. 2( 2001): [ 10 ]. What do you do when you reach the top? , SEOUL, November 12, 2011. 11 ]. People with Disabilities, AngloNFO, 2000-2013. [ 12 ]. Phillips, Julie, and Land, Kenneth, â€Å"The link between unemployment and crime rate fluctuations: An analysis at the county, state, and national levels,† Social Science Research, no. 41 (May 2012): http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=4&sid=b487b940-219c-4323-8f76-1b6bb64785b4%40sessionmgr4&hid=26&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=73762358( accessed March 5, 2013). [ 13 ]. Joe Kamalick, â€Å"US at tipping point,† ICIS Chemical Business, July 16, 2012.